Examples of dominant species of coastal interdunal swales in Florida that are invaded by Chinese tallow include southern umbrella-sedge ( F. Sundews, tenangle pipewort ( Eriocaulon decangulare), clubmosses ( Lycopodium spp.), coastal plain yelloweyed grass ( Xyris ambigua), and sedges such as beaksedge ( Rhynchospora spp.) and hairy umbrella-sedge ( Fuirena squarrosa) were common. palustris), loblolly pine, black tupelo ( Nyssa sylvatica), sweetgum, and sweetbay ( Magnolia virginiana). Trees were sparse and included longleaf pine ( P. Density of Chinese tallow trees larger than 1.6 feet (0.5 m) tall in a grass-sedge ( Carex spp.) meadow typical of southern bogs was 13 stems/ha. The second type included little bluestem ( Schizachyrium scoparium), groundsel-tree ( Baccharis halimifolia), southern dewberry ( Rubus trivialis), blue mistflower ( Conoclinium coelestinum), gulf cordgrass ( Spartina spartinae), and bushy bluestem ( Andropogon glomeratus), in addition to goldenrods. In one type it occurred with goldenrods ( Solidago spp.). Kincaid and Cameron reported Chinese tallow in 2 categories of coastal prairie. AsĬhinese tallow invades, graminoid cover declines. ), blazing stars ( Liatris spp.), coneflowers ( Echinacea spp.), and prairie coneflowers ( Ratibida spp.) occur with cordgrasses ( Spartina spp.), morning glories ( Ipomoea spp.), pine lilies ( Alophia drummondii spp.), and sundews ( Drosera spp.). In these areas bluestems ( Andropogon spp. The extent to which Chinese tallow invades other wet and riparian forests is discussed below.Ĭhinese tallow invades grassland communities and is especially successful in coastal prairies. canadensis), oaks ( Quercus spp.), black willow, and stiff dogwood, had densities greater than 0.055/m². The only species with more cover was sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua), and neither sweetgum nor any other woody species present, which included American black elderberry ( Sambucus nigra subsp. Despite it only being present at the site for approximately 20 years, Chinese tallow had the highest density (0.452/m²), the highest relative frequency (0.636), and the second highest mean DBH-based cover (6.69 cm²/m²) of woody species.
Jubinsky reported high densities of Chinese tallow in wetlands and along the shore of Lake Jackson in Florida. minor) (469 stems/ha) were the next most common shrubs.
American beautyberry ( Callicarpa americana) (625 stems/ha) and dwarf palmetto ( S. Chinese tallow dominated-stands had a dense shrub layer (9,689 stems/ha), of which 79% (7,656 stems/ha) were Chinese tallow stems. In forested habitat of South Carolina's Bull Island, Chinese tallow, cabbage palmetto ( Sabal palmetto), loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda), redbay ( Persea borbonia), and in some areas southern bayberry ( Morella cerifera) were codominants. However, their density and cover were much lower (maximum 93 stems/ha, combined covers 80%).
Outside of nearby Alvin, Texas, the most common species in Chinese tallow woodland sites of the coastal prairie were sugarberry, yaupon ( Ilex vomitoria), stiff dogwood ( Cornus foemina), and American elm ( Ulmus americana). Cameron and Spencer report scattered sugarberry ( Celtis laevigata) and black willow ( Salix nigra) within a Chinese tallow woodland in the coastal prairie region about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Houston, Texas. Ĭhinese tallow woodland may establish in several habitats. Chinese tallow is also known to occur in riparian areas of central California. It commonly occurs on disturbed sites such as spoilbanks, roadsides, agricultural lands, urban areas, and storm-damaged forests. Provides a distributional map of Chinese tallow.Ĭhinese tallow invades several plant communities including Gulf coastal prairies and many types of forests in the southeastern United States. Chinese tallow recently established in Sacramento County and the San Francisco Bay Area of California from ornamental plantings. Chinese tallow populations are suspected to occur in Tennessee, but this had not been confirmed as of this writing (2010). A single naturalized Chinese tallow was identified at a private residence in Kentucky. In the United States it occurs from North Carolina south to Florida and west through Louisiana and Arkansas to Texas. It was more widely introduced starting in the early 1900s due to use as an ornamental and attempts to establish it as a commercial crop.
Chinese tallow was initially introduced to South Carolina in the 1700s. It has been introduced to many areas including southeastern United States, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Taiwan, India, Martinique, Sudan, and southern France. Photo by Cheryl McCormick, The University ofĬhinese tallow is a native of China and Japan.
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